Device Manager (Win + X) → Check drivers, hardware recognition, yellow warning = driver issue.
Event Viewer → See detailed error logs. Look under “System” and “Application.”
SFC (System File Checker)
sfc /scannow
Scans for corrupted Windows files and repairs them.
CHKDSK (Check Disk)
chkdsk C: /f /r
Checks for disk errors and bad sectors.
Why these matter: They’re standard A+ troubleshooting tools → show up on tests and in real repair jobs.