Topic: Security+ Cryptography — Full Explanations Included

Essential Question:

How does cryptography create confidentiality, integrity, trust, and authentication in modern systems?


———————————————————————

STUDENT NOTES WITH EXPLANATIONS (COPY ALL OF THIS)

———————————————————————

1. What Cryptography Protects (CIA + A)

Confidentiality — keeping data secret

Encryption hides data so only authorized users can read it.

Without the correct key, encrypted data is meaningless.

Integrity — proving data wasn’t changed

Hashing creates a fingerprint of data.

If even one character changes, the hash changes dramatically.

Authentication — proving identity

Certificates and keys verify that a user or system is legitimate.

Non-repudiation — proving someone actually sent something

Digital signatures prevent people from denying their actions.

Explanation:

Cryptography isn’t just “scrambling stuff.”