Virtual Machines and Hypervisors

Focus: Simulate cloud compute with local virtualization.

Key Notes

• Type 1 vs Type 2 Hypervisors:
  • Type 1 (bare-metal): runs directly on hardware (VMware ESXi, Hyper-V Server).
  • Type 2 (hosted): runs inside an OS (VirtualBox, VMware Workstation).
• Snapshots: save system states for rollback.
• Networking Modes:
  • NAT → VM shares host IP.
  • Bridged → VM appears as its own device on the LAN.
  • Host-Only → isolated lab environment.
• Cloud Parallel: each VM in Azure/AWS = a virtualized instance just like this demo.

Lab Exercise

• Launch a pre-built VM (Linux or Windows).
• Check IP address, install a small app, then snapshot and revert.

Discussion

Why are snapshots critical for production servers?

How does virtualization reduce hardware cost in a data center?

Containers & Microservices

Focus: How modern cloud apps run lightweight and scalable.

Key Notes

• Containers: packages that hold an application + its dependencies.
• Docker vs VMs:
  • VMs = multiple OSes on one machine.
  • Containers = multiple apps sharing one OS kernel.
• Microservices: breaking large apps into small independent services that communicate via APIs.
• Benefits: faster deployment, less resource usage, easier scaling.

Demo Concept