❓ Essential Question

What core ideas exist in every programming language, and how do they help developers build real, functioning programs?

⭐ Key Ideas

• All languages use variables to store information.
• All programs follow a sequence (top-to-bottom flow).
• All languages use conditionals to make decisions.
• All languages use loops to repeat actions.
• All languages handle functions/methods to organize code.
• All languages require clean structure, spacing, and naming.

If they understand these six, switching languages becomes easy.

🔑 Vocabulary (Universal Coding)

Variable — A container that stores data.

Data Type — The kind of data stored (text, number, list, boolean).

Boolean — True/False values used for decisions.

Conditional — An if/else choice the program makes.

Loop — Repeating code until a condition is met.

Function — A reusable block of code that performs a task.

Syntax — The grammar rules of a language.