Topic: Control Flow, Conditionals, Loops, and Debugging (All Languages)

❓ Essential Question

How do all programming languages use decisions, repetition, and functions to control what a program does?

⭐ Key Ideas

• Every language has control flow: code runs in a specific order.
• Conditionals let the program make decisions.
• Loops repeat work instead of copying code.
• Functions wrap actions into reusable blocks.
• Debugging is a skill, not an accident—read errors, don’t fear them.

🔑 Vocabulary (Universal Coding Concepts)

Control Flow — The order in which code executes.

Conditional — An if/else decision in code.

Boolean — A value that is either true/false.

Loop — A structure that repeats code.

Function — A reusable block of code that does a specific job.

Parameter — Input a function receives.

Return Value — Output a function gives back.