I will identify, label, and describe the core components of a computer system and explain how they work together to process data.
“If you could only upgrade one part of a computer for better performance, which would it be—and why?”
Post your answer in your Tech Journal before we begin the build.
Review each of the 8 major components, using a labeled system diagram (projected or in slides).
| Component | Function Summary |
|---|---|
| 1. CPU (Central Processing Unit) | Executes instructions and controls all other components. |
| 2. RAM (Memory) | Stores data temporarily for quick access. |
| 3. Storage Drive (HDD/SSD) | Holds the operating system and long-term files. |
| 4. Motherboard | Connects all hardware together via buses and chipsets. |
| 5. Power Supply Unit (PSU) | Converts wall power into usable voltages for each part. |
| 6. GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) | Handles complex visuals and parallel computations. |
| 7. Cooling System (Fans/Heatsink) | Regulates temperature to maintain performance. |
| 8. Input/Output Devices | Allow data to enter and exit the system (keyboard, display, etc.). |
| Component | Fact 1 | Fact 2 | Fact 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| CPU | Executes billions of cycles per second (GHz). | Each core processes separate threads. | Cache memory speeds up repeated tasks. |
| RAM | Volatile—clears when power is off. | Measured in GB and MHz. | More RAM = better multitasking. |
| Storage | SSDs use flash memory—no moving parts. | HDDs store more cheaply but slower. | Cloud storage extends capacity remotely. |
| Motherboard | Holds CPU, RAM, and expansion slots. | Uses BIOS/UEFI for startup. | Chipset directs data between CPU & devices. |
| PSU | Supplies regulated DC power to all parts. | Rated in watts (W). | Must match GPU/CPU power requirements. |
| GPU | Performs thousands of parallel calculations. | Vital for AI, 3D, and gaming. | Integrated or dedicated types exist. |
| Cooling | Fans and heatsinks dissipate heat. | Thermal paste increases contact efficiency. | Overheating causes throttling. |
| I/O Devices | Input: keyboard, mouse, mic. | Output: monitor, printer, speakers. | Some devices (USB drives) act as both. |
Task 1: